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Xiphinema diversicaudatum
''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'' is an amphimitic ectoparasitic nematode species. 〔 Evans, K., Trudgill, D.L., Webster, J.M. 1998. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture.〕 This species has a characteristically long stylet capable of penetrating into a host’s vascular tissue. 〔(''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'' ) at Nemaplex, University of California〕 They have a wide host range with some of the extensively studied ones being strawberry, hops and raspberry, due to their economic importance. 〔 Whitehead, A.G. 1998. Plant Nematode Control.〕
The direct root damage caused through penetration near the root tip and formation of galls is a secondary concern when compared with the damage caused by vectoring the arabis mosaic virus. The virus attaches to the interior cuticle lining and can be transferred from infected to uninfected root tissue as the nematode feeds and sheds. 〔 Taylor, C.E., Robertson, W.M., 1970. Sites of Virus Retention in the Alimentary Tract of the Nematode Vectors, ''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'' (Micol.) and ''X.index'' (Thorne and Allen), Annals of Applied Biology (1970),66, 375-380)〕 Management of this particular nematode relies on nematicides such as 1,3-Dichloropropene (Telone) at 40 gpa.or methyl bromide at 1000lb/ac to control to 28 in deep. 〔(''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'' ) at Nemaplex, University of California〕
==History==
''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'' was initially characterized in 1927 by Micoletzky. 〔 It had been speculated that the Xiphinema species were pathogenic to plants since ''Xiphinema americanum'' was first identified in 1913 by Nathan Cobb. The experimental proof for this was provided by Steiner 1949 and 1952, and Christie 1952b. 〔 In 1957 the connection between ''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'' and the formation of root galls on host plants was proved using roses and strawberries, both of which are known host crops. 〔 Schindler, A.F., 1957. Parasitism and Pathogenicity of ‘’Xiphinema diversicaudatum’’, and ectoparasitic nematode. Nematologica, II (1957):25-31)〕 〔 Schindler, A.F., Braun A.J., 1957. Pathogenicity of an Ectorparasite Nematode, ''Xiphinema diversicaudatum'', on Strawberries. Nematologica, II (1957):91-93)〕
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